Reptilia · Squamata
Uma cowlesiHeifetz, 1941
Yuman Desert Fringe-toed Lizard
Photograph placed in the public domain, CC0, via iNaturalist
A ground-dwelling, day-active, omnivorous lizard from the Nearctic region, reaching 120 mm snout to vent.
Once published as Uma rufopunctata — those names reach this page.
Reptilia › Squamata › Phrynosomatidae › Uma
- Grows to
- 120mm
- greatest recorded
- Eats
- Omnivorous
- Active
- Diurnal
- Lives up to
- 8.1years
Longer than 89% of all species in Phrynosomatidae anyone has measured.
The bar is the rank itself: its length is the share of the family this animal exceeds. The chart below is the family’s real spread, on a logarithmic scale because body length here runs from 47 to 175 mm. The solid rule is this animal. Every bar is a count of real species, and nothing on this figure is estimated.
What is known
36 sourced facts, each taken from a named scientific dataset. How to read these.
Cited from a dataset unless a row is marked otherwise.
Standing in the world
- Still living
- Extant
- Population trend
- Decreasing
as reported by the IUCN Red List
The animal itself
- Limbs
- Four legs
- Venomous
- No
- Fangs
- None
- Longest recorded life
- 8.1years
- Body temperature when active · measured in the wild
- 38.95°C102 °F
- Body temp in the wild · mean, when active
- 38.2–39.7°C101–103 °F
Myhrvold, Baldridge, Chan, Sivam, Freeman, and Ernest, 2015, Ecology, 96:3109-3109
mean body temperature of active individuals in nature
body temperature of active animals in nature
Size
- Length snout to vent · greatest recorded
- 120mm4.75 in
- Length snout to vent · adult female mean
- 78mm3 in
- Largest female · snout to vent
- 73mm2.75 in
- Hatchling length · snout to vent
- 35mm1.5 in
- Largest juvenile · snout to vent
- 35mm1.5 in
- Body mass · greatestcomputed
- 51.4g1.8 oz
- Body mass at hatchingmeasured
- 2.3g0.08 oz
Shai Meiri, unpublished
snout-vent length; the source column mixes this with straight carapace length
computed from length by a family-level allometric equation, not weighed
How it lives
- Diet
- Omnivorous
- Active
- Diurnal
- Where it lives
- Terrestrial
- Biome
- Deserts & Xeric Shrublands
- Active season · months of the year
- 7–12months
- Region
- Nearctic
- Mainland or island
- Mainland
- Highest it lives · above sea level
- 290m
- Range size
- 8940km²
arthropods and plants, more plants as they get older (Jones and Lovich 2009), some plants (Brennan and Holycross 2009), arthropods, may include plants (Heimes 2022)
0-290 (Rorabaugh and Lemos-Espinal 2016)
Breeding
- Reproduction
- Oviparous
- Average clutch
- 2.42eggs
- Eggs or young per clutch
- 1–4eggs
- Mean clutch
- 1.85–3eggs
- Clutches a year
- 1–2per year
1-3 mean 1.85 (Jones and Lovich 2009), 1-5 (Brennan and Holycross 2009), 2-4, mean 3 (Foster et al. 2015), 1-3 (Rorabaugh and Lemos-Espinal 2016), 2-4 (Heimes 2022)
Naming and history
- Suborder
- Sauria
- Infraorder
- Pleurodonta
- Subspecies
- No
- Described by
- Heifetz
- Moved to another genus · since it was first described
- No
- Described in
- 1941
- Type locality
- USA
Keeping one
19 in × 19 in × 12 in(48 × 48 × 30 cm)
Minimum length × width × height, for one animal. Bigger is always better.
The standard sizes ground-dwelling species at 4 × 4 × 2.5 times snout-vent length.
Mindestanforderungen an die Haltung von Reptilien (Sachverständigengutachten), German Federal Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Forestry, Animal Welfare Division, 10 January 1997. The standard states these floor areas are recommendations rather than binding limits.
From this animal’s own snout-vent length of 4.75 in (120 mm), at 4 × 4 × 2.5 times it, following the German federal welfare standard — how this is worked out.
Active animals measured in the wild averaged 102 °F (39 °C).
Mean body temperature of active individuals measured in nature. A measurement of the animal, not a setting for a thermostat.
Feeding
A prey item should be no wider than the space between the animal's eyes.
Widely used across reptile husbandry references. The stated reason is that the gap approximates the width of the throat, so wider prey is associated with impaction. This is established practice, not a measurement.
7kJ per day
Worked out for an animal of 51 g, the heaviest recorded for Yuman Desert Fringe-toed Lizard — so it is the top of the range, not a figure for a particular animal. Weigh yours and the number will be lower.
An upper estimate, not a feeding target, and not veterinary advice. The equation covers only what an animal burns staying alive, so a growing, gravid or recovering animal needs more — and it was measured on wild animals, which move far more than one in an enclosure. Body condition and a vet who knows the species are what a feeding decision should rest on. Where this comes from.
What nobody knows
These are not gaps in our research. No scientific dataset records them for this species — and saying so is information you cannot get from a reference that simply leaves a field out.
- — Length snout to vent · adult male mean
- — Length snout to vent · adult mean
- — Length nose to tail · greatest recorded
- — Female length · mean, nose to tail
- — Length nose to tail · adult male mean
- — Length nose to tail · adult mean
- — Largest male · snout to vent
- — Largest female · shell length
- — Largest male · shell length
- — Hatchling length · nose to tail
- — Largest juvenile · shell length
- — Egg length
- — Egg width
- — Body mass · a typical adult
- — Body mass · adult female, mean
- — Preferred body temperature · chosen in a laboratory gradient
- — Eats arthropods
- — Eats vertebrates
- — Eats plant matter
- — How it hunts
- — How the young develop
- — Gestation or incubation
- — Clutches in a year
- — First breeds from · youngest recorded
- — First breeds by · oldest recorded
- — Hatchling length · smallest recorded
- — Hatchling length · largest recorded
- — Age at first breeding · female
- — Mature from · youngest recorded
- — Mature by · oldest recorded
- — Size at maturity · smallest recorded
- — Size at maturity · largest recorded
- — Colour on the back
- — Pattern on the back
- — Pupil
- — Sex decided by
- — Conservation status
- — Status assessed · the year the Red List last looked
- — Red List criteria
- — Density · lowest recorded
- — Density · highest recorded
- — Home range · largest recorded
- — Habitat
- — Active in
- — Lowest it lives · above sea level
Others in Phrynosomatidae
Take this data
Everything on this page is available as data under CC BY 4.0 — use it freely, credit it, no permission needed.
This species as JSON · the whole dataset
Cite this page
The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia (2026). Uma cowlesi. Retrieved 2026-09-08, from https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/uma-cowlesi
@misc{uma_cowlesi_2026,
title = {Uma cowlesi},
author = {{The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia}},
year = {2026},
url = {https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/uma-cowlesi}
}Sources
- Meiri, S. (2024). SquamBase — a database of squamate (Reptilia: Squamata) traits. Global Ecology and Biogeography. Public domain (CC0).
- Oskyrko, O. et al. (2024). ReptTraits: a comprehensive dataset of ecological traits in reptiles. Scientific Data. Used under CC BY 4.0.
- Catalogue of Life (dataset 3LR), used under CC BY.
- Moura, M. R. et al. TetrapodTraits: a database of 33,281 tetrapod species. Used under CC BY 4.0. Observed values only; this encyclopedia does not publish its imputed predictions.