Reptilia · Squamata
Phrynosoma cornutumHarlan, 1825
Texas Horned Lizard
Photograph by Gabriel Campbell-Martinez, CC BY, via iNaturalist
A ground-dwelling, day-active, meat-eating lizard from the Nearctic region, reaching 130 mm snout to vent.
Reptilia › Squamata › Phrynosomatidae › Phrynosoma
- Grows to
- 130mm
- greatest recorded
- Eats
- Carnivorous
- Active
- Diurnal
- Lives up to
- 10years
Longer than 94% of all species in Phrynosomatidae anyone has measured.
The bar is the rank itself: its length is the share of the family this animal exceeds. The chart below is the family’s real spread, on a logarithmic scale because body length here runs from 47 to 175 mm. The solid rule is this animal. Every bar is a count of real species, and nothing on this figure is estimated.
What is known
45 sourced facts, each taken from a named scientific dataset. How to read these.
Cited from a dataset unless a row is marked otherwise.
Standing in the world
- Still living
- Extant
- Conservation status
- Least Concern
- Status assessed · the year the Red List last looked
- 2007
- Population trend
- Stable
The animal itself
- Limbs
- Four legs
- Venomous
- No
- Fangs
- None
- Longest recorded life
- 10years
- Preferred body temperature · chosen in a laboratory gradientmeasured
- 34.2–38.5°C94–101 °F
- Body temperature when active · measured in the wild
- 35.95°C97 °F
- Body temp in the wild · mean, when active
- 33.4–38.5°C92–101 °F
"almost 10 years in captivity" Degenhardt et al. 1996; Slavens and Slavens 1999: 1 and 7 months (i.e., before maturity..)
mean body temperature of active individuals in nature
body temperature of active animals in nature
Size
- Length snout to vent · greatest recorded
- 130mm5 in
- Length snout to vent · adult female mean
- 79.5mm3.25 in
- Largest female · snout to vent
- 79.5mm3.25 in
- Hatchling length · snout to vent
- 21mm0.8 in
- Largest juvenile · snout to vent
- 21mm0.8 in
- Body mass · greatestcomputed
- 63.68g2.2 oz
- Body mass · adult female, meanmeasured
- 19.5g0.69 oz
max 130 mm SVL (Feldman et al. 2016)
snout-vent length; the source column mixes this with straight carapace length
computed from length by a family-level allometric equation, not weighed
How it lives
- Diet
- Carnivorous
- How it hunts
- Sit and wait
- Active
- Diurnal
- Where it lives
- Terrestrial
- Habitat
- Desert, Grassland
- Biome
- Temperate Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
- Active season · months of the year
- 5–8months
- Region
- Nearctic
- Mainland or island
- Mainland
- Highest it lives · above sea level
- 2100m
- Range size
- 1,798,117km²
- Density
- 0.4–93.9per hectare
- Home range · largest recorded
- 28,222m2
arthropods (mainly ants, Pianka and Parker 1975, Van Denburgh 1922, see Lemos-Espinal et al. 2004, Bergmann et al. 2009, Lemos-Espinal and Smith 2007, Jones and Lovich 2009, Barbault and Maury 1981, Rorabaugh and Lemos-Espinal 2016, Stebbins and McGinnis 2018, Heimes 2022), only ants (Hibbitts and Hibbitts 2015)
(e.g., Mesquita et al. 2016) / mixed (Scales and Butler 2015)
(nocturnal "under special circumstances", Lemos-Espinal and Smith 2007/bimodal in summer, Jones and Lovich 2009), primarily diurnal (Rorabaugh and Lemos-Espinal 2016), mostly early morning and late afternoon (Heimes 2022)
e.g., Mesquita et al. 2016, Olberding et al. 2016, Scales and Butler 2015
1158-1475 (Rorabaugh and Lemos-Espinal 2016), 0-1830 (Stebbins and McGinnis 2018), 0-2100 (Heimes 2022)
Breeding
- Reproduction
- Oviparous
- Average clutch
- 27.9eggs
- Eggs or young per clutch
- 10–50eggs
- Mean clutch
- 18.5–37.3eggs
- Clutches in a year
- 1.5per year
- Clutches a year
- 1–2per year
- First breeds at
- 19–24months
23-27 (Beane et al. 2010), 18.5 (Van Wilgen and Richardson 2012), 13-49 (Lemos-Espinal and Dixon 2013), 25-47, mean 35.8-37.3 (Vitt 1977), mean 29 (Mesquita et al. 2016), 13-50 (Hibbitts and Hibbitts 2015, Rorabaugh and Lemos-Espinal 2016), mean 25 (Rorabaugh and Lemos-Espinal 2016), 14-37 (Stebbins and McGinnis 2018), 12-44, means 20.6-28.1), 13-49, averages 23-30 (Heimes 2022), mean 24.6 (Dominguez-Guerrero et al. 2022, )
Naming and history
- Suborder
- Sauria
- Infraorder
- Pleurodonta
- Subspecies
- No
- Described by
- Harlan
- Moved to another genus · since it was first described
- Yes
- Described in
- 1825
- Type locality
- USA
Keeping one
20.5 in × 20.5 in × 13 in(52 × 52 × 33 cm)
Minimum length × width × height, for one animal. Bigger is always better.
The standard sizes ground-dwelling species at 4 × 4 × 2.5 times snout-vent length.
Mindestanforderungen an die Haltung von Reptilien (Sachverständigengutachten), German Federal Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Forestry, Animal Welfare Division, 10 January 1997. The standard states these floor areas are recommendations rather than binding limits.
From this animal’s own snout-vent length of 5 in (130 mm), at 4 × 4 × 2.5 times it, following the German federal welfare standard — how this is worked out.
In a laboratory thermal gradient this species settled at 94–101 °F (34.2–38.5 °C).
Preferred body temperature, recorded in a laboratory gradient where the animal could choose freely. A measurement of the animal, not a setting for a thermostat.
Feeding
A prey item should be no wider than the space between the animal's eyes.
Widely used across reptile husbandry references. The stated reason is that the gap approximates the width of the throat, so wider prey is associated with impaction. This is established practice, not a measurement.
8kJ per day
Worked out for an animal of 64 g, the heaviest recorded for Texas Horned Lizard — so it is the top of the range, not a figure for a particular animal. Weigh yours and the number will be lower.
An upper estimate, not a feeding target, and not veterinary advice. The equation covers only what an animal burns staying alive, so a growing, gravid or recovering animal needs more — and it was measured on wild animals, which move far more than one in an enclosure. Body condition and a vet who knows the species are what a feeding decision should rest on. Where this comes from.
What nobody knows
These are not gaps in our research. No scientific dataset records them for this species — and saying so is information you cannot get from a reference that simply leaves a field out.
- — Length snout to vent · adult male mean
- — Length snout to vent · adult mean
- — Length nose to tail · greatest recorded
- — Female length · mean, nose to tail
- — Length nose to tail · adult male mean
- — Length nose to tail · adult mean
- — Largest male · snout to vent
- — Largest female · shell length
- — Largest male · shell length
- — Hatchling length · nose to tail
- — Largest juvenile · shell length
- — Egg length
- — Egg width
- — Body mass · a typical adult
- — Body mass at hatching
- — Eats arthropods
- — Eats vertebrates
- — Eats plant matter
- — How the young develop
- — Gestation or incubation
- — Hatchling length · smallest recorded
- — Hatchling length · largest recorded
- — Age at first breeding · female
- — Mature from · youngest recorded
- — Mature by · oldest recorded
- — Size at maturity · smallest recorded
- — Size at maturity · largest recorded
- — Colour on the back
- — Pattern on the back
- — Pupil
- — Sex decided by
- — Red List criteria
- — Active in
- — Lowest it lives · above sea level
Others in Phrynosomatidae
Take this data
Everything on this page is available as data under CC BY 4.0 — use it freely, credit it, no permission needed.
This species as JSON · the whole dataset
Cite this page
The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia (2026). Phrynosoma cornutum. Retrieved 2026-09-08, from https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/phrynosoma-cornutum
@misc{phrynosoma_cornutum_2026,
title = {Phrynosoma cornutum},
author = {{The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia}},
year = {2026},
url = {https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/phrynosoma-cornutum}
}Sources
- Meiri, S. (2024). SquamBase — a database of squamate (Reptilia: Squamata) traits. Global Ecology and Biogeography. Public domain (CC0).
- Oskyrko, O. et al. (2024). ReptTraits: a comprehensive dataset of ecological traits in reptiles. Scientific Data. Used under CC BY 4.0.
- Catalogue of Life (dataset 3LR), used under CC BY.