Reptilia · Squamata
Zamenis longissimusLaurenti, 1768
Aesculapean Snake
Photograph by Philipp Pavelka, CC BY, via iNaturalist
A ground-dwelling, day-active, meat-eating snake from the Palearctic region, reaching 225 cm nose to tail.
Reptilia › Squamata › Colubridae › Zamenis
- Grows to
- 2250mm
- greatest recorded
- Eats
- Carnivorous
- Active
- Diurnal
- Lives up to
- 30years
Longer than 98% of all colubrid snakes anyone has measured.
The bar is the rank itself: its length is the share of the family this animal exceeds. The chart below is the family’s real spread, on a logarithmic scale because body length here runs from 98 to 3,800 mm. The solid rule is this animal. Every bar is a count of real species, and nothing on this figure is estimated.
What is known
40 sourced facts, each taken from a named scientific dataset. How to read these.
Cited from a dataset unless a row is marked otherwise.
Standing in the world
- Still living
- Extant
- Conservation status
- Least Concern
- Status assessed · the year the Red List last looked
- 2016
The animal itself
- Limbs
- None
- Colour on the back
- Black, Brown
- Pattern on the back
- Banded, blotched, uniform
- Pupil
- Round
- Venomous
- No
- Fangs
- At the back of the mouth
- Longest recorded life
- 30years
Stark et al. 2020
Size
- Length snout to vent · greatest recorded
- 645mm2 ft 1 in
- Length nose to tail · greatest recorded
- 2250mm7 ft 5 in
- Female length · mean, nose to tail
- 1196mm3 ft 11 in
- Body mass · greatestcomputed
- 805.7g1.8 lb
- Body mass · adult female, meanmeasured
- 72.2g2.5 oz
snakes only in this source
computed from length by a family-level allometric equation, not weighed
How it lives
- Diet
- Carnivorous
- How it hunts
- Sit and wait
- Active
- Diurnal
- Where it lives
- Terrestrial
- Habitat
- Forest, Grassland, Rocky, Shrubland
- Biome
- Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests
- Active season · months of the year
- 5–6months
- Region
- Palearctic
- Mainland or island
- Mainland
- Highest it lives · above sea level
- 2000m
- Range size
- 2,091,368km²
lizards, insects, birds, and rodents (Kamali 2020, see also Dunayev and Orlova 2023)
Sit (Glaudas et al. 2019)
Scharf et al. 2015, Hu et al. 2020, Kamali 2020
Feldman 2015
0-1700 (O'Shea 2018), max 2000 (Dunayev and Orlova 2023)
Breeding
- Reproduction
- Oviparous
- Sex decided by
- Genes, ZW/ZZ
- Average clutch
- 15eggs
- Eggs or young per clutch
- 4–10eggs
- Mean clutch
- 6.7–9.4eggs
- Clutches in a year
- 1per year
- Clutches a year
- 0.82per year
Feldman et al. 2015
5-8 (O'Shea 2018), Capizzi et al. 1996 ("Clutch size averaged 9.43 ± 1.87 eggs in E. longissima (median = 9.5 eggs, range = 6/ 12 eggs , n = 14", they also cite "Naulleau ( 1 992) in centralwestern France (X = 6.7 ± 1.75 eggs, n = 20"), 4-10 (Dunayev and Orlova 2023)
Naming and history
- Suborder
- Serpentes
- Infraorder
- Alethinophidia
- Subspecies
- No
- Described by
- Laurenti
- Moved to another genus · since it was first described
- Yes
- Described in
- 1768
- Type locality
- Austria
Keeping one
7 ft 5 in × 3 ft 8 in × 5 ft 6 in(225 × 113 × 169 cm)
Minimum length × width × height, for one animal. Bigger is always better.
The standard sizes snakes as a fraction of total length: 1 × 0.5 × 0.75.
Mindestanforderungen an die Haltung von Reptilien (Sachverständigengutachten), German Federal Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Forestry, Animal Welfare Division, 10 January 1997. The standard states these floor areas are recommendations rather than binding limits.
From this animal’s own total length of 7 ft 5 in (2250 mm), at 1 × 0.5 × 0.75 times it, following the German federal welfare standard — how this is worked out.
No preferred body temperature has been recorded for Aesculapean Snake. Rather than repeat a number from a care sheet, this page leaves it out.
Feeding
A prey item should be between the same width as the widest part of the snake's body and about 1.5 times that width.
Widely used across snake husbandry references. An alternative formulation gives prey at 10-15% of the snake's body mass. This is established practice, not a measurement.
75kJ per day
Worked out for an animal of 806 g, the heaviest recorded for Aesculapean Snake — so it is the top of the range, not a figure for a particular animal. Weigh yours and the number will be lower.
An upper estimate, not a feeding target, and not veterinary advice. The equation covers only what an animal burns staying alive, so a growing, gravid or recovering animal needs more — and it was measured on wild animals, which move far more than one in an enclosure. Body condition and a vet who knows the species are what a feeding decision should rest on. Where this comes from.
What nobody knows
These are not gaps in our research. No scientific dataset records them for this species — and saying so is information you cannot get from a reference that simply leaves a field out.
- — Length snout to vent · adult female mean
- — Length snout to vent · adult male mean
- — Length snout to vent · adult mean
- — Length nose to tail · adult male mean
- — Length nose to tail · adult mean
- — Largest female · snout to vent
- — Largest male · snout to vent
- — Largest female · shell length
- — Largest male · shell length
- — Hatchling length · snout to vent
- — Hatchling length · nose to tail
- — Largest juvenile · snout to vent
- — Largest juvenile · shell length
- — Egg length
- — Egg width
- — Body mass · a typical adult
- — Body mass at hatching
- — Preferred body temperature · chosen in a laboratory gradient
- — Body temperature when active · measured in the wild
- — Eats arthropods
- — Eats vertebrates
- — Eats plant matter
- — How the young develop
- — Gestation or incubation
- — First breeds from · youngest recorded
- — First breeds by · oldest recorded
- — Hatchling length · smallest recorded
- — Hatchling length · largest recorded
- — Age at first breeding · female
- — Mature from · youngest recorded
- — Mature by · oldest recorded
- — Size at maturity · smallest recorded
- — Size at maturity · largest recorded
- — Body temp in the wild · lowest mean recorded
- — Body temp in the wild · highest mean recorded
- — Population trend
- — Red List criteria
- — Density · lowest recorded
- — Density · highest recorded
- — Home range · largest recorded
- — Active in
- — Lowest it lives · above sea level
Others in Colubridae
Take this data
Everything on this page is available as data under CC BY 4.0 — use it freely, credit it, no permission needed.
This species as JSON · the whole dataset
Cite this page
The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia (2026). Zamenis longissimus. Retrieved 2026-09-08, from https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/zamenis-longissimus
@misc{zamenis_longissimus_2026,
title = {Zamenis longissimus},
author = {{The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia}},
year = {2026},
url = {https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/zamenis-longissimus}
}Sources
- Meiri, S. (2024). SquamBase — a database of squamate (Reptilia: Squamata) traits. Global Ecology and Biogeography. Public domain (CC0).
- Oskyrko, O. et al. (2024). ReptTraits: a comprehensive dataset of ecological traits in reptiles. Scientific Data. Used under CC BY 4.0.
- Catalogue of Life (dataset 3LR), used under CC BY.