Reptilia · Testudines
Testudo horsfieldiiGray, 1844
Horsfield’s Tortoise
Photograph by Yuriy75, CC BY-SA, via Wikimedia Commons
A ground-dwelling, active by day or night, plant-eating tortoise from the Saharo-Sindian region, reaching 49 cm across the shell.
Also called Fergana Valley Steppe Tortoise, Kazakhstan Steppe Tortoise, Kopet-Dag Steppe Tortoise.
Reptilia › Testudines › Testudinidae › Testudo
- Grows to
- 493.8mm
- greatest recorded
- Eats
- Herbivorous
- Active
- Cathemeral
- Lives up to
- 40years
Longer than 81% of all tortoises anyone has measured.
The bar is the rank itself: its length is the share of the family this animal exceeds. The chart below is the family’s real spread, on a logarithmic scale because shell length here runs from 80 to 1,870 mm. The solid rule is this animal. Every bar is a count of real species, and nothing on this figure is estimated.
What is known
29 sourced facts, each taken from a named scientific dataset. How to read these.
Cited from a dataset unless a row is marked otherwise.
Standing in the world
- Conservation status
- Vulnerable
- Population trend
- Unspecified
The animal itself
- Colour on the back
- Black, Yellow
- Pattern on the back
- Blotched
- Pupil
- Round
- Venomous
- No
- Fangs
- None
- Longest recorded life
- 40years
- Body temperature when active · measured in the wild
- 25°C77 °F
- Body temp in the wild · mean, when active
- 15–30°C59–86 °F
mean body temperature of active individuals in nature
body temperature of active animals in nature
Size
- Shell length, front to back · greatest recorded
- 493.8mm19.5 in
- Largest female · shell length
- 493.8mm19.5 in
- Largest male · shell length
- 420mm16.5 in
- Body mass · greatestcomputed
- 4123g9.1 lb
- Body mass at hatching
- 17.75g0.63 oz
straight carapace length, measured in a line rather than over the curve
straight carapace length; the source column mixes this with snout-vent length
largely converted from length by allometry in the source
How it lives
- Diet
- Herbivorous
- How it hunts
- Active foraging
- Active
- Cathemeral
- Where it lives
- Terrestrial
- Habitat
- Desert, Shrubland
- Region
- Saharo-Sindian
- Highest it lives · above sea level
- 1200m
Plants
Breeding
- Reproduction
- Oviparous
- Average clutch
- 4eggs
- Clutches in a year
- 3per year
Naming and history
- Subspecies
- Testudo horsfieldii horsfieldii GRAY 1844 Testudo horsfieldii bogdanovi CHKHIKVADZE 2008 Testudo horsfieldii kazachstanica CHKHIKVADZE 1988 Testudo horsfieldii kuznetzovi CHKHIKVADZE, ATAEV, SHAMMAKOV & ZATOKA 2009 Testudo horsfieldii rustamovi CHKHIKVADZE, AMIRANSCHWILI & ATAEV 1990
- Described by
- Gray
- Moved to another genus · since it was first described
- No
- Described in
- 1844
Keeping one
Horsfield’s Tortoise is assessed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Species at risk in the wild are often covered by CITES and by national law, which decide what may be bought, sold, moved across a border or kept at all — and captive-bred and wild-caught animals are usually treated differently. Check the rules where you are before acquiring one. Nothing below is a judgement about keeping this species; it is what a published welfare standard says about space, and what the animal itself was measured doing.
13 ft × 6 ft 6 in(395 × 198 cm)
Minimum floor length × width, for one animal. Bigger is always better. The standard sets no height for turtles and tortoises.
The standard sizes this genus at 8 times carapace length, with the width half the resulting length.
For a third and fourth turtle the standard asks for at least 10% more floor area each, and 20% more from the fifth onwards.
Water depth is set against the animal's carapace width rather than its length, so no figure is given here. Dry-country tortoises need no water area, only occasional bathing; tortoises from wetter regions need a water dish.
Swiss law reaches the same 8 × 4 of carapace length for land tortoises, arrived at separately from the German gutachten.
Gutachten über Mindestanforderungen an die Haltung von Reptilien (Sachverständigengruppe tierschutzgerechte Haltung von Terrarientieren), German Federal Ministry, 10 January 1997, section 5. The standard states these are recommendations rather than binding limits.
Swiss Tierschutzverordnung (TSchV), SR 455.1, Anhang 2, Tabelle 5 — legally binding minimum enclosure sizes, which give every land tortoise 8 × 4 body lengths for two animals.
From this animal’s own carapace length of 19.5 in (493.8 mm), at 8 times it — how this is worked out.
Active animals measured in the wild averaged 77 °F (25 °C).
Mean body temperature of active individuals measured in nature. A measurement of the animal, not a setting for a thermostat.
Feeding
Prey size does not apply. A herbivore's diet is judged on fibre, on the ratio of calcium to phosphorus, and on avoiding plants high in oxalates.
The animal does not take prey items. This is established practice, not a measurement.
321kJ per day
Worked out for an animal of 4,123 g, the heaviest recorded for Horsfield’s Tortoise — so it is the top of the range, not a figure for a particular animal. Weigh yours and the number will be lower.
An upper estimate, not a feeding target, and not veterinary advice. The equation covers only what an animal burns staying alive, so a growing, gravid or recovering animal needs more — and it was measured on wild animals, which move far more than one in an enclosure. Body condition and a vet who knows the species are what a feeding decision should rest on. Where this comes from.
Morphs
0 with peer-reviewed genetics behind them, 1 resting on breeder consensus. Most references present both with the same confidence.
- Shell colour and patternbreeder consensus
How yellow or olive the shell is and how dark the blotching. This follows the population an animal came from, and it is not something anyone is selecting for.
Worth knowing. No single-gene morph is established in this species. Russian tortoises are the most heavily traded tortoise in the world and a great many are wild-caught imports rather than captive-bred, which a buyer cannot tell by looking at the animal.
What nobody knows
These are not gaps in our research. No scientific dataset records them for this species — and saying so is information you cannot get from a reference that simply leaves a field out.
- — Still living
- — Length snout to vent · greatest recorded
- — Length snout to vent · adult female mean
- — Length snout to vent · adult male mean
- — Length snout to vent · adult mean
- — Length nose to tail · greatest recorded
- — Female length · mean, nose to tail
- — Length nose to tail · adult male mean
- — Length nose to tail · adult mean
- — Largest female · snout to vent
- — Largest male · snout to vent
- — Hatchling length · snout to vent
- — Hatchling length · nose to tail
- — Largest juvenile · snout to vent
- — Largest juvenile · shell length
- — Egg length
- — Egg width
- — Body mass · a typical adult
- — Body mass · adult female, mean
- — Preferred body temperature · chosen in a laboratory gradient
- — Eats arthropods
- — Eats vertebrates
- — Eats plant matter
- — How the young develop
- — Gestation or incubation
- — Smallest clutch recorded
- — Largest clutch recorded
- — Mean clutch · smallest reported
- — Mean clutch · largest reported
- — Clutches a year · fewest
- — Clutches a year · most
- — First breeds from · youngest recorded
- — First breeds by · oldest recorded
- — Hatchling length · smallest recorded
- — Hatchling length · largest recorded
- — Age at first breeding · female
- — Mature from · youngest recorded
- — Mature by · oldest recorded
- — Size at maturity · smallest recorded
- — Size at maturity · largest recorded
- — Limbs
- — Sex decided by
- — Status assessed · the year the Red List last looked
- — Red List criteria
- — Biome
- — Active season · shortest recorded
- — Active season · longest recorded
- — Density · lowest recorded
- — Density · highest recorded
- — Home range · largest recorded
- — Suborder
- — Infraorder
- — Type locality
- — Active in
- — Mainland or island
- — Lowest it lives · above sea level
- — Range size
Others in Testudinidae
Take this data
Everything on this page is available as data under CC BY 4.0 — use it freely, credit it, no permission needed.
This species as JSON · the whole dataset
Cite this page
The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia (2026). Testudo horsfieldii. Retrieved 2026-09-08, from https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/testudo-horsfieldii
@misc{testudo_horsfieldii_2026,
title = {Testudo horsfieldii},
author = {{The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia}},
year = {2026},
url = {https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/testudo-horsfieldii}
}Sources
- Oskyrko, O. et al. (2024). ReptTraits: a comprehensive dataset of ecological traits in reptiles. Scientific Data. Used under CC BY 4.0.
- Catalogue of Life (dataset 3LR), used under CC BY.