Amphibia · Anura
Rhinella marinaLinnaeus, 1758
Cane Toad
Photograph placed in the public domain, CC0, via iNaturalist
A toad reaching 241 mm snout to vent.
Amphibia › Anura › Bufonidae › Rhinella
- Grows to
- 241mm
- greatest recorded
- Active
- Diurnal, nocturnal
- Lives up to
- 24.8years
- Lives
- Aquatic, terrestrial
Longer than 99% of all toads anyone has measured.
The bar is the rank itself: its length is the share of the family this animal exceeds. The chart below is the family’s real spread, on a logarithmic scale because body length here runs from 13 to 250 mm. The solid rule is this animal. Every bar is a count of real species, and nothing on this figure is estimated.
What is known
25 sourced facts, each taken from a named scientific dataset. How to read these.
Cited from a dataset unless a row is marked otherwise.
Standing in the world
- Conservation status
- Least Concern
- Population trend
- Increasing
as reported by the IUCN Red List
The animal itself
- Longest recorded life
- 24.8years
Size
- Length snout to vent · greatest recorded
- 241mm9.5 in
- Body mass · greatestmeasured
- 106.3g3.7 oz
- Body mass · a typical adult
- 106.3g3.7 oz
snout-to-vent length, as this source reports for Anura
maximum adult body mass as recorded in the source
AnAge rates this record "acceptable"
How it lives
- Eats arthropods
- Yes
- Eats vertebrates
- Yes
- Eats plant matter
- Unknown
- Active
- Diurnal, nocturnal
- Where it lives
- Aquatic, terrestrial
- Active in
- Wet and warm
a blank flag in this source means unrecorded, not absent
Breeding
- Reproduction
- Oviparous
- How the young develop
- Through a larval stage
- Gestation or incubation
- 2days
- Average clutch
- 10,000
- Eggs or young per clutch
- 4240–36,100eggs
- Clutches in a year
- 1per year
- Hatchling length
- 1.9mm
- Age at first breeding · female
- 365days
- Mature at
- 1–2.5years
- Size at maturity
- 66–220mm2.5–8.75 in
Naming and history
- Described by
- Linnaeus
- Moved to another genus · since it was first described
- Yes
- Described in
- 1758
Keeping one
- Land
- 121 × 121cm
- Water, at least 12 cm deep
- 48 × 24cm
Minimum, and for two animals — which is how the standard states it. Bigger is always better. Around 96 cm tall on average.
The standard gives 5 × 5 body lengths of land and 2 × 1 of water, for two animals.
For each further animal the standard asks for another 48 × 48 cm of land and 24 × 24 cm of water.
Swiss Tierschutzverordnung (TSchV), SR 455.1, Anhang 2, Tabelle 6 — legally binding minimum enclosure sizes for amphibians, given as multiples of total body length and stated for two animals.
From this animal’s own snout-vent length, which for a frog is its body length of 9.5 in (241 mm) — how this is worked out.
Cane Toad
Feeding
12kJ per day
Worked out for an animal of 106 g, the heaviest recorded for Cane Toad — so it is the top of the range, not a figure for a particular animal. Weigh yours and the number will be lower.
An upper estimate, not a feeding target, and not veterinary advice. The equation covers only what an animal burns staying alive, so a growing, gravid or recovering animal needs more — and it was measured on wild animals, which move far more than one in an enclosure. Body condition and a vet who knows the species are what a feeding decision should rest on. Where this comes from.
Morphs
1 with peer-reviewed genetics behind them, 0 resting on breeder consensus. Most references present both with the same confidence.
Funk et al. (2025) used CRISPR-Cas9 in captive cane toads to create TYR knockout albinos. This phene includes references to studies involving gene edited or genetically modified organisms (GMO).
- Knocking out genes to reveal drivers of natural selection on phenotypic traits: a study of the fitness consequences of albinism. — Proc Biol Sci 2025
What nobody knows
These are not gaps in our research. No scientific dataset records them for this species — and saying so is information you cannot get from a reference that simply leaves a field out.
- — Still living
- — Length snout to vent · adult female mean
- — Length snout to vent · adult male mean
- — Length snout to vent · adult mean
- — Length nose to tail · greatest recorded
- — Female length · mean, nose to tail
- — Length nose to tail · adult male mean
- — Length nose to tail · adult mean
- — Largest female · snout to vent
- — Largest male · snout to vent
- — Largest female · shell length
- — Largest male · shell length
- — Hatchling length · snout to vent
- — Hatchling length · nose to tail
- — Largest juvenile · snout to vent
- — Largest juvenile · shell length
- — Egg length
- — Egg width
- — Body mass · adult female, mean
- — Body mass at hatching
- — Preferred body temperature · chosen in a laboratory gradient
- — Body temperature when active · measured in the wild
- — Diet
- — How it hunts
- — Mean clutch · smallest reported
- — Mean clutch · largest reported
- — Clutches a year · fewest
- — Clutches a year · most
- — First breeds from · youngest recorded
- — First breeds by · oldest recorded
- — Venomous
- — Fangs
- — Body temp in the wild · lowest mean recorded
- — Body temp in the wild · highest mean recorded
- — Limbs
- — Colour on the back
- — Pattern on the back
- — Pupil
- — Sex decided by
- — Status assessed · the year the Red List last looked
- — Red List criteria
- — Region
- — Biome
- — Active season · shortest recorded
- — Active season · longest recorded
- — Density · lowest recorded
- — Density · highest recorded
- — Home range · largest recorded
- — Suborder
- — Infraorder
- — Subspecies
- — Type locality
- — Habitat
- — Mainland or island
- — Lowest it lives · above sea level
- — Highest it lives · above sea level
- — Range size
Others in Bufonidae
Take this data
Everything on this page is available as data under CC BY 4.0 — use it freely, credit it, no permission needed.
This species as JSON · the whole dataset
Cite this page
The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia (2026). Rhinella marina. Retrieved 2026-09-08, from https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/rhinella-marina
@misc{rhinella_marina_2026,
title = {Rhinella marina},
author = {{The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia}},
year = {2026},
url = {https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/rhinella-marina}
}Sources
- Oliveira, B.F. et al. (2017). AmphiBIO, a global database for amphibian ecological traits. Scientific Data 4:170123. Used under CC BY 4.0.
- AnAge, Human Ageing Genomic Resources (de Magalhães et al.), used under CC BY 3.0.
- GBIF Secretariat. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Used under CC BY 4.0. Common names aggregated from constituent checklists.
- Catalogue of Life (dataset 3LR), used under CC BY.
- Moura, M. R. et al. TetrapodTraits: a database of 33,281 tetrapod species. Used under CC BY 4.0. Observed values only; this encyclopedia does not publish its imputed predictions.