Reptilia · Squamata
Psammophis schokariForskål, 1775
Forskal Sand Snake
Photograph by Rohit, CC BY-SA, via iNaturalist
A day-active, meat-eating lizard from the Saharo-Sindian region, reaching 150 cm nose to tail.
Also called Schokari Sand Racer.
Reptilia › Squamata › Psammophiidae › Psammophis
- Grows to
- 1500mm
- greatest recorded
- Eats
- Carnivorous
- Active
- Diurnal
- Lives up to
- 8.9years
Longer than 74% of all species in Psammophiidae anyone has measured.
The bar is the rank itself: its length is the share of the family this animal exceeds. The chart below is the family’s real spread, on a logarithmic scale because body length here runs from 380 to 2,500 mm. The solid rule is this animal. Every bar is a count of real species, and nothing on this figure is estimated.
What is known
40 sourced facts, each taken from a named scientific dataset. How to read these.
Cited from a dataset unless a row is marked otherwise.
Standing in the world
- Still living
- Extant
- Conservation status
- Least Concern
- Status assessed · the year the Red List last looked
- 2016
The animal itself
- Limbs
- None
- Colour on the back
- Black, Brown
- Pattern on the back
- Banded, blotched
- Pupil
- Round
- Venomous
- Yes
- Fangs
- At the back of the mouth
- Longest recorded life
- 8.9years
- Body temperature when active · measured in the wild
- 27.49°C81 °F
- Body temp in the wild · mean, when active
- 29.2°C
nearly 9 years in captivity (Bar et al. 2021)
mean body temperature of active individuals in nature
body temperature of active animals in nature
Size
- Length snout to vent · greatest recorded
- 940mm3 ft 1 in
- Length snout to vent · adult female mean
- 582mm23 in
- Length nose to tail · greatest recorded
- 1500mm4 ft 11 in
- Hatchling length · snout to vent
- 192mm7.5 in
- Hatchling length · nose to tail
- 275mm11 in
- Body mass · greatestcomputed
- 257.8g9.1 oz
- Body mass · adult female, meanmeasured
- 43.4g1.5 oz
- Body mass at hatchingmeasured
- 2g0.07 oz
1500 mm total length (Feldman et al. 2016), max 141 cm total length (Kamali 2020), max 1400 (Carranza et al. 2021), 750-1500 (Eid 2021), Bar et al. 2021 (275-1280, globally to 1500, 2-175 g), 175.7 g (the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, mean female SVL 582 mm, SMNH Aug 2023, n = 17, max 940 mm SVL), Trape 2023 (60-148 cm), Spawls et al. 2023 (80-150 cm)
snakes only in this source
computed from length by a family-level allometric equation, not weighed
How it lives
- Diet
- Carnivorous
- How it hunts
- Active foraging
- Active
- Diurnal
- Where it lives
- Arboreal, terrestrial
- Habitat
- Savanna
- Biome
- Deserts & Xeric Shrublands
- Region
- Saharo-Sindian
- Mainland or island
- Mainland
- Highest it lives · above sea level
- 3500m
- Range size
- 17,834,372km²
lizards, insects, rodents and birds (Kamali 2020), birds, lizards and rodents (Carranza et al. 2021), lizards, snakes, birds and rodents (Bar et al. 2021),
Active (Glaudas et al. 2019)
(SM pers. obs., Kamali 2020, Carranza et al. 2021, Eid 2021, Singh et al. 2021, Spawls et al. 2023), strictly diurnal (Bar et al. 2021)
Terrestrial and arboreal (Kamali 2020, SM, pers. Obs, Carranza et al. 2021, Bar et al. 2021, Spawls et al. 2023)
min -111 to +830 (Shai Meiri, personal observations), sea level to 3500 (Kamali 2020), 0-2800 (Carranza et al. 2021), 0-1500 (Spawls et al. 2023)
Breeding
- Reproduction
- Oviparous
- Average clutch
- 5.5eggs
- Eggs or young per clutch
- 2–10eggs
Feldman et al. 2015
4-10 (Whitaker and Captain 2004), 5-6 (del Marmol et al. 2019), 5-8 (Carranza et al. 2021), 5-16 (Eid 2021, but no other support for clutches >10), 5-10 (Bar et al. 2021), 2-6 (Spawls et al. 2023)
Naming and history
- Suborder
- Serpentes
- Infraorder
- Alethinophidia
- Subspecies
- No
- Described by
- Forskål
- Moved to another genus · since it was first described
- Yes
- Described in
- 1775
- Type locality
- Yemen
Keeping one
12 ft 4 in × 12 ft 4 in × 12 ft 4 in(376 × 376 × 376 cm)
Minimum length × width × height, for one animal. Bigger is always better.
The standard sizes ground species at 4 × 4 × 2.5 and climbing species at 4 × 2.5 × 4 times snout-vent length.
Recorded both on the ground and climbing, so this is the larger of the two rules in every dimension.
Mindestanforderungen an die Haltung von Reptilien (Sachverständigengutachten), German Federal Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Forestry, Animal Welfare Division, 10 January 1997. The standard states these floor areas are recommendations rather than binding limits.
From this animal’s own snout-vent length of 3 ft 1 in (940 mm), at 4 × 4 × 4 times it, following the German federal welfare standard — how this is worked out.
Active animals measured in the wild averaged 82 °F (27.5 °C).
Mean body temperature of active individuals measured in nature. A measurement of the animal, not a setting for a thermostat.
Feeding
A prey item should be no wider than the space between the animal's eyes.
Widely used across reptile husbandry references. The stated reason is that the gap approximates the width of the throat, so wider prey is associated with impaction. This is established practice, not a measurement.
27kJ per day
Worked out for an animal of 258 g, the heaviest recorded for Forskal Sand Snake — so it is the top of the range, not a figure for a particular animal. Weigh yours and the number will be lower.
An upper estimate, not a feeding target, and not veterinary advice. The equation covers only what an animal burns staying alive, so a growing, gravid or recovering animal needs more — and it was measured on wild animals, which move far more than one in an enclosure. Body condition and a vet who knows the species are what a feeding decision should rest on. Where this comes from.
What nobody knows
These are not gaps in our research. No scientific dataset records them for this species — and saying so is information you cannot get from a reference that simply leaves a field out.
- — Length snout to vent · adult male mean
- — Length snout to vent · adult mean
- — Female length · mean, nose to tail
- — Length nose to tail · adult male mean
- — Length nose to tail · adult mean
- — Largest female · snout to vent
- — Largest male · snout to vent
- — Largest female · shell length
- — Largest male · shell length
- — Largest juvenile · snout to vent
- — Largest juvenile · shell length
- — Egg length
- — Egg width
- — Body mass · a typical adult
- — Preferred body temperature · chosen in a laboratory gradient
- — Eats arthropods
- — Eats vertebrates
- — Eats plant matter
- — How the young develop
- — Gestation or incubation
- — Mean clutch · smallest reported
- — Mean clutch · largest reported
- — Clutches in a year
- — Clutches a year · fewest
- — Clutches a year · most
- — First breeds from · youngest recorded
- — First breeds by · oldest recorded
- — Hatchling length · smallest recorded
- — Hatchling length · largest recorded
- — Age at first breeding · female
- — Mature from · youngest recorded
- — Mature by · oldest recorded
- — Size at maturity · smallest recorded
- — Size at maturity · largest recorded
- — Sex decided by
- — Population trend
- — Red List criteria
- — Active season · shortest recorded
- — Active season · longest recorded
- — Density · lowest recorded
- — Density · highest recorded
- — Home range · largest recorded
- — Active in
- — Lowest it lives · above sea level
Others in Psammophiidae
Take this data
Everything on this page is available as data under CC BY 4.0 — use it freely, credit it, no permission needed.
This species as JSON · the whole dataset
Cite this page
The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia (2026). Psammophis schokari. Retrieved 2026-09-08, from https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/psammophis-schokari
@misc{psammophis_schokari_2026,
title = {Psammophis schokari},
author = {{The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia}},
year = {2026},
url = {https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/psammophis-schokari}
}Sources
- Meiri, S. (2024). SquamBase — a database of squamate (Reptilia: Squamata) traits. Global Ecology and Biogeography. Public domain (CC0).
- Oskyrko, O. et al. (2024). ReptTraits: a comprehensive dataset of ecological traits in reptiles. Scientific Data. Used under CC BY 4.0.
- Catalogue of Life (dataset 3LR), used under CC BY.