Reptilia · Squamata
Opheodrys aestivusLinnaeus, 1766
Rough greensnake
Photograph by Joseph McPhail, CC BY, via iNaturalist
A day-active, meat-eating snake from the Nearctic region, reaching 116 cm nose to tail.
Reptilia › Squamata › Colubridae › Opheodrys
- Grows to
- 1159mm
- greatest recorded
- Eats
- Carnivorous
- Active
- Diurnal
- Lives up to
- 15years
Longer than 78% of all colubrid snakes anyone has measured.
The bar is the rank itself: its length is the share of the family this animal exceeds. The chart below is the family’s real spread, on a logarithmic scale because body length here runs from 98 to 3,800 mm. The solid rule is this animal. Every bar is a count of real species, and nothing on this figure is estimated.
What is known
47 sourced facts, each taken from a named scientific dataset. How to read these.
Cited from a dataset unless a row is marked otherwise.
Two of these figures disagree
Body mass (a typical adult) is given as 601, and Body mass (greatest) as 94.5 — but a typical adult cannot outweigh the heaviest one ever recorded. They come from different sources and both are shown exactly as those sources give them.
Standing in the world
- Still living
- Extant
- Conservation status
- Least Concern
- Status assessed · the year the Red List last looked
- 2007
- Population trend
- Stable
The animal itself
- Limbs
- None
- Colour on the back
- Green
- Pattern on the back
- Uniform
- Pupil
- Round
- Venomous
- No
- Fangs
- At the back of the mouth
- Longest recorded life
- 15years
Stark et al. 2020
Size
- Length snout to vent · greatest recorded
- 723mm2 ft 4 in
- Length snout to vent · adult female mean
- 502mm20 in
- Length nose to tail · greatest recorded
- 1159mm3 ft 10 in
- Female length · mean, nose to tail
- 793mm2 ft 7 in
- Hatchling length · nose to tail
- 195mm7.75 in
- Body mass at hatchingmeasured
- 2.04g0.07 oz
- Body mass · greatestcomputeddisputed
- 94.55g3.3 oz
- Body mass · a typical adultdisputed
- 601g1.3 lb
1159 mm total length (Feldman et al. 2016), Phillips et al. 2022 (18-21 cm neonates), Bello-Sanchez et al. 2023 (maximum total length of 1160 mm, SVL 723 mm, females slightly larger than males; 1 adult female 502.0 mm SVL, TL: 291.0)
snakes only in this source
computed from length by a family-level allometric equation, not weighed
AnAge rates this record "acceptable"
How it lives
- Diet
- Carnivorous
- How it hunts
- Active foraging
- Active
- Diurnal
- Where it lives
- Arboreal, terrestrial
- Habitat
- Forest
- Biome
- Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests
- Region
- Nearctic
- Mainland or island
- Mainland
- Highest it lives · above sea level
- 1525m
- Range size
- 2,214,522km²
Hard-bodied invertebrates, Soft-bodied invertebrates (Ramirez et al. 2023)
Active (Feldman 2015)
O'Shea 2018, Guyer et al. 2019, Camper 2019, Hu et al. 2020
Arboreal&Terrestrial (Guyer et al. 2019, Camper 2019, Hu et al. 2020, Murphy et al. 2003)
below 1100 (Beane et al. 2010), 0-1525 (O'Shea 2018)
Breeding
- Reproduction
- Oviparous
- Gestation or incubation
- 42days
- Average clutch
- 6.9eggs
- Eggs or young per clutch
- 1–14eggs
- Mean clutch
- 6eggs
- Clutches in a year
- 1.5per year
- Clutches a year
- 1.25per year
- Egg length
- 28mm1 in
- Egg width
- 10.2mm0.4 in
- First breeds at
- 24months
- Age at first breeding · female
- 730days
Feldman et al. 2015, Meiri et al. 2019
1-14 mean=6 (Camper 2019), 2-12 (Guyer et al. 2019), 3-12 (Beane et al. 2010), 1-14 (O'Shea 2018), 4-6 (Phillips et al. 2022)
Naming and history
- Suborder
- Serpentes
- Infraorder
- Alethinophidia
- Subspecies
- Opheodrys aestivus aestivus (LINNAEUS 1766) Opheodrys aestivus carinatus GROBMAN 1984
- Described by
- Linnaeus
- Moved to another genus · since it was first described
- Yes
- Described in
- 1766
- Type locality
- USA
Keeping one
3 ft 10 in × 23 in × 5 ft 8 in(116 × 58 × 174 cm)
Minimum length × width × height, for one animal. Bigger is always better.
The standard sizes snakes as a fraction of total length: 1 × 0.5 × 1.5.
Recorded both on the ground and climbing, so this is the larger of the two rules in every dimension.
Mindestanforderungen an die Haltung von Reptilien (Sachverständigengutachten), German Federal Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Forestry, Animal Welfare Division, 10 January 1997. The standard states these floor areas are recommendations rather than binding limits.
From this animal’s own total length of 3 ft 10 in (1159 mm), at 1 × 0.5 × 1.5 times it, following the German federal welfare standard — how this is worked out.
No preferred body temperature has been recorded for Rough greensnake. Rather than repeat a number from a care sheet, this page leaves it out.
Feeding
A prey item should be between the same width as the widest part of the snake's body and about 1.5 times that width.
Widely used across snake husbandry references. An alternative formulation gives prey at 10-15% of the snake's body mass. This is established practice, not a measurement.
11kJ per day
Worked out for an animal of 95 g, the heaviest recorded for Rough greensnake — so it is the top of the range, not a figure for a particular animal. Weigh yours and the number will be lower.
An upper estimate, not a feeding target, and not veterinary advice. The equation covers only what an animal burns staying alive, so a growing, gravid or recovering animal needs more — and it was measured on wild animals, which move far more than one in an enclosure. Body condition and a vet who knows the species are what a feeding decision should rest on. Where this comes from.
What nobody knows
These are not gaps in our research. No scientific dataset records them for this species — and saying so is information you cannot get from a reference that simply leaves a field out.
- — Length snout to vent · adult male mean
- — Length snout to vent · adult mean
- — Length nose to tail · adult male mean
- — Length nose to tail · adult mean
- — Largest female · snout to vent
- — Largest male · snout to vent
- — Largest female · shell length
- — Largest male · shell length
- — Hatchling length · snout to vent
- — Largest juvenile · snout to vent
- — Largest juvenile · shell length
- — Body mass · adult female, mean
- — Preferred body temperature · chosen in a laboratory gradient
- — Body temperature when active · measured in the wild
- — Eats arthropods
- — Eats vertebrates
- — Eats plant matter
- — How the young develop
- — Hatchling length · smallest recorded
- — Hatchling length · largest recorded
- — Mature from · youngest recorded
- — Mature by · oldest recorded
- — Size at maturity · smallest recorded
- — Size at maturity · largest recorded
- — Body temp in the wild · lowest mean recorded
- — Body temp in the wild · highest mean recorded
- — Sex decided by
- — Red List criteria
- — Active season · shortest recorded
- — Active season · longest recorded
- — Density · lowest recorded
- — Density · highest recorded
- — Home range · largest recorded
- — Active in
- — Lowest it lives · above sea level
Others in Colubridae
Take this data
Everything on this page is available as data under CC BY 4.0 — use it freely, credit it, no permission needed.
This species as JSON · the whole dataset
Cite this page
The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia (2026). Opheodrys aestivus. Retrieved 2026-09-08, from https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/opheodrys-aestivus
@misc{opheodrys_aestivus_2026,
title = {Opheodrys aestivus},
author = {{The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia}},
year = {2026},
url = {https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/opheodrys-aestivus}
}Sources
- Meiri, S. (2024). SquamBase — a database of squamate (Reptilia: Squamata) traits. Global Ecology and Biogeography. Public domain (CC0).
- AnAge, Human Ageing Genomic Resources (de Magalhães et al.), used under CC BY 3.0.
- Oskyrko, O. et al. (2024). ReptTraits: a comprehensive dataset of ecological traits in reptiles. Scientific Data. Used under CC BY 4.0.
- Catalogue of Life (dataset 3LR), used under CC BY.