Reptilia · Testudines
Emys orbicularisLinnaeus, 1758
European Pond Turtle
Photograph by Christian Ursilva from København, Danmark, CC BY-SA, via Wikimedia Commons
A water-living, active by day or night, omnivorous turtle from the Palearctic region, reaching 38 cm across the shell.
Reptilia › Testudines › Emydidae › Emys
- Grows to
- 230mm
- greatest recorded
- Eats
- Omnivorous
- Active
- Cathemeral
- Lives up to
- 120years
Longer than only 32% of all species in Emydidae anyone has measured.
The bar is the rank itself: its length is the share of the family this animal exceeds. The chart below is the family’s real spread, on a logarithmic scale because body length here runs from 115 to 600 mm. The solid rule is this animal. Every bar is a count of real species, and nothing on this figure is estimated.
What is known
25 sourced facts, each taken from a named scientific dataset. How to read these.
Cited from a dataset unless a row is marked otherwise.
Standing in the world
- Conservation status
- Near Threatened
- Population trend
- Unspecified
The animal itself
- Colour on the back
- Black, Brown
- Pupil
- Round
- Venomous
- No
- Fangs
- None
- Longest recorded life
- 120years
- Body temperature when active · measured in the wild
- 25°C77 °F
mean body temperature of active individuals in nature
Size
- Length nose to tail · greatest recorded
- 230mm9 in
- Shell length, front to back · greatest recorded
- 380mm15 in
- Body mass · greatestcomputed
- 1599g3.5 lb
total length, tail included — Colston, Kulkarni, Jetz, and Pyron, 2020, BMC Evol. Biol., 20:81
straight carapace length, measured in a line rather than over the curve
largely converted from length by allometry in the source
How it lives
- Diet
- Omnivorous
- How it hunts
- Active foraging
- Active
- Cathemeral
- Where it lives
- Aquatic
- Habitat
- Wetlands
- Region
- Palearctic
- Highest it lives · above sea level
- 107m
Amphibians, invertebrates, fish, plants
Breeding
- Reproduction
- Oviparous
- Sex decided by
- Temperature
- Average clutch
- 9eggs
Naming and history
- Subspecies
- Emys orbicularis orbicularis (LINNAEUS 1758) Emys orbicularis eiselti FRITZ, BARAN, BUDAK & AMTHAUER 1998 Emys orbicularis galloitalica FRITZ 1995 Emys orbicularis hellenica (VALENCIENNES 1832) Emys orbicularis ingauna JESU, PIOMBO, SALVIDIO, LAMAGNI, ORTALE & GENTA 2004 Emys orbicularis occidentalis FRITZ 1993 Emys orbicularis persica EICHWALD 1831
- Described by
- Linnaeus
- Moved to another genus · since it was first described
- Yes
- Described in
- 1758
Keeping one
6 ft 3 in × 3 ft 1 in(190 × 95 cm)
Minimum floor length × width, for one animal. Bigger is always better. The standard sets no height for turtles and tortoises.
The standard sizes this genus at 5 times carapace length, with the width half the resulting length.
For a third and fourth turtle the standard asks for at least 10% more floor area each, and 20% more from the fifth onwards.
Water depth is set against the animal's carapace width rather than its length, so no figure is given here. Dry-country tortoises need no water area, only occasional bathing; tortoises from wetter regions need a water dish.
Swiss law reaches the same 8 × 4 of carapace length for land tortoises, arrived at separately from the German gutachten.
Gutachten über Mindestanforderungen an die Haltung von Reptilien (Sachverständigengruppe tierschutzgerechte Haltung von Terrarientieren), German Federal Ministry, 10 January 1997, section 5. The standard states these are recommendations rather than binding limits.
Swiss Tierschutzverordnung (TSchV), SR 455.1, Anhang 2, Tabelle 5 — legally binding minimum enclosure sizes, which give every land tortoise 8 × 4 body lengths for two animals.
From this animal’s own carapace length of 15 in (380 mm), at 5 times it — how this is worked out.
Active animals measured in the wild averaged 77 °F (25 °C).
Mean body temperature of active individuals measured in nature. A measurement of the animal, not a setting for a thermostat.
Feeding
A prey item should be no wider than the space between the animal's eyes.
Widely used across reptile husbandry references. The stated reason is that the gap approximates the width of the throat, so wider prey is associated with impaction. This is established practice, not a measurement.
138kJ per day
Worked out for an animal of 1,599 g, the heaviest recorded for European Pond Turtle — so it is the top of the range, not a figure for a particular animal. Weigh yours and the number will be lower.
An upper estimate, not a feeding target, and not veterinary advice. The equation covers only what an animal burns staying alive, so a growing, gravid or recovering animal needs more — and it was measured on wild animals, which move far more than one in an enclosure. Body condition and a vet who knows the species are what a feeding decision should rest on. Where this comes from.
What nobody knows
These are not gaps in our research. No scientific dataset records them for this species — and saying so is information you cannot get from a reference that simply leaves a field out.
- — Still living
- — Length snout to vent · greatest recorded
- — Length snout to vent · adult female mean
- — Length snout to vent · adult male mean
- — Length snout to vent · adult mean
- — Female length · mean, nose to tail
- — Length nose to tail · adult male mean
- — Length nose to tail · adult mean
- — Largest female · snout to vent
- — Largest male · snout to vent
- — Largest female · shell length
- — Largest male · shell length
- — Hatchling length · snout to vent
- — Hatchling length · nose to tail
- — Largest juvenile · snout to vent
- — Largest juvenile · shell length
- — Egg length
- — Egg width
- — Body mass · a typical adult
- — Body mass · adult female, mean
- — Body mass at hatching
- — Preferred body temperature · chosen in a laboratory gradient
- — Eats arthropods
- — Eats vertebrates
- — Eats plant matter
- — How the young develop
- — Gestation or incubation
- — Smallest clutch recorded
- — Largest clutch recorded
- — Mean clutch · smallest reported
- — Mean clutch · largest reported
- — Clutches in a year
- — Clutches a year · fewest
- — Clutches a year · most
- — First breeds from · youngest recorded
- — First breeds by · oldest recorded
- — Hatchling length · smallest recorded
- — Hatchling length · largest recorded
- — Age at first breeding · female
- — Mature from · youngest recorded
- — Mature by · oldest recorded
- — Size at maturity · smallest recorded
- — Size at maturity · largest recorded
- — Body temp in the wild · lowest mean recorded
- — Body temp in the wild · highest mean recorded
- — Limbs
- — Pattern on the back
- — Status assessed · the year the Red List last looked
- — Red List criteria
- — Biome
- — Active season · shortest recorded
- — Active season · longest recorded
- — Density · lowest recorded
- — Density · highest recorded
- — Home range · largest recorded
- — Suborder
- — Infraorder
- — Type locality
- — Active in
- — Mainland or island
- — Lowest it lives · above sea level
- — Range size
Others in Emydidae
Take this data
Everything on this page is available as data under CC BY 4.0 — use it freely, credit it, no permission needed.
This species as JSON · the whole dataset
Cite this page
The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia (2026). Emys orbicularis. Retrieved 2026-09-08, from https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/emys-orbicularis
@misc{emys_orbicularis_2026,
title = {Emys orbicularis},
author = {{The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia}},
year = {2026},
url = {https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/emys-orbicularis}
}Sources
- Oskyrko, O. et al. (2024). ReptTraits: a comprehensive dataset of ecological traits in reptiles. Scientific Data. Used under CC BY 4.0.
- Catalogue of Life (dataset 3LR), used under CC BY.
- Moura, M. R. et al. TetrapodTraits: a database of 33,281 tetrapod species. Used under CC BY 4.0. Observed values only; this encyclopedia does not publish its imputed predictions.