Reptilia · Squamata
Elaphe bimaculataSchmidt, 1925
Chinese Leopard Snake
Photograph by J. Polák, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons
An active by day or night, meat-eating snake from the Palearctic region, reaching 920 mm nose to tail.
Reptilia › Squamata › Colubridae › Elaphe
- Grows to
- 920mm
- greatest recorded
- Eats
- Carnivorous
- Active
- Cathemeral
- Lives up to
- 15years
Longer than 66% of all colubrid snakes anyone has measured.
The bar is the rank itself: its length is the share of the family this animal exceeds. The chart below is the family’s real spread, on a logarithmic scale because body length here runs from 98 to 3,800 mm. The solid rule is this animal. Every bar is a count of real species, and nothing on this figure is estimated.
What is known
38 sourced facts, each taken from a named scientific dataset. How to read these.
Cited from a dataset unless a row is marked otherwise.
Standing in the world
- Still living
- Extant
- Conservation status
- Least Concern
- Status assessed · the year the Red List last looked
- 2011
The animal itself
- Limbs
- None
- Colour on the back
- Brown, Gray
- Pupil
- Round
- Venomous
- No
- Fangs
- At the back of the mouth
- Longest recorded life
- 15years
10-15 (probably in captivity; Messenger 2021)
Size
- Length snout to vent · greatest recorded
- 760mm2 ft 6 in
- Length nose to tail · greatest recorded
- 920mm3 ft
- Female length · mean, nose to tail
- 835mm2 ft 9 in
- Hatchling length · nose to tail
- 260mm10 in
- Body mass · greatestcomputed
- 106.5g3.8 oz
Chen et al. 2019 (listed as SVL, I suspect it may be total length), Messenger 2021 (maturity at 550 mm for males, 750 for females, max 773 mm for males, 920 mm for females with 160 mm tail, hatchlings 220-300, all total lengths), Qi et al. 2021 (max 760 mm SVL, also cited in Jablonski et al. 2023b)
snakes only in this source
computed from length by a family-level allometric equation, not weighed
How it lives
- Diet
- Carnivorous
- How it hunts
- Active foraging
- Active
- Cathemeral
- Where it lives
- Fossorial, terrestrial
- Habitat
- Shrubland
- Biome
- Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests
- Region
- Palearctic
- Mainland or island
- Mainland
- Highest it lives · above sea level
- 2240m
- Range size
- 1,797,605km²
rodents, birds and bird eggs, juveniles prey on lizards and their eggs (Messenger 2021)
Wang et al. 2023
mostly nocturnal also crepuscular and more diurnal in cooler months (Messenger 2021)
semi-fossorial (Gearty et al. 2021)
IUCN (0 to 2240)
Breeding
- Reproduction
- Oviparous
- Average clutch
- 6.5eggs
- Eggs or young per clutch
- 2–12eggs
- Clutches a year
- 1per year
- Egg length
- 84mm3.25 in
- Egg width
- 20mm0.8 in
- First breeds at
- 24–36months
Feldman et al. 2015
2-12 (Messenger 2021)
Naming and history
- Suborder
- Serpentes
- Infraorder
- Alethinophidia
- Subspecies
- No
- Described by
- Schmidt
- Moved to another genus · since it was first described
- No
- Described in
- 1925
- Type locality
- China
Keeping one
3 ft × 18 in × 2 ft 3 in(92 × 46 × 69 cm)
Minimum length × width × height, for one animal. Bigger is always better. Substrate at least 18 in (46 cm) deep.
The standard sizes snakes as a fraction of total length: 1 × 0.5 × 0.75.
Burrows, so substrate deep enough to dig in matters as much as floor area.
Mindestanforderungen an die Haltung von Reptilien (Sachverständigengutachten), German Federal Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Forestry, Animal Welfare Division, 10 January 1997. The standard states these floor areas are recommendations rather than binding limits.
From this animal’s own total length of 3 ft (920 mm), at 1 × 0.5 × 0.75 times it, following the German federal welfare standard — how this is worked out.
No preferred body temperature has been recorded for Chinese Leopard Snake. Rather than repeat a number from a care sheet, this page leaves it out.
Feeding
A prey item should be between the same width as the widest part of the snake's body and about 1.5 times that width.
Widely used across snake husbandry references. An alternative formulation gives prey at 10-15% of the snake's body mass. This is established practice, not a measurement.
12kJ per day
Worked out for an animal of 107 g, the heaviest recorded for Chinese Leopard Snake — so it is the top of the range, not a figure for a particular animal. Weigh yours and the number will be lower.
An upper estimate, not a feeding target, and not veterinary advice. The equation covers only what an animal burns staying alive, so a growing, gravid or recovering animal needs more — and it was measured on wild animals, which move far more than one in an enclosure. Body condition and a vet who knows the species are what a feeding decision should rest on. Where this comes from.
What nobody knows
These are not gaps in our research. No scientific dataset records them for this species — and saying so is information you cannot get from a reference that simply leaves a field out.
- — Length snout to vent · adult female mean
- — Length snout to vent · adult male mean
- — Length snout to vent · adult mean
- — Length nose to tail · adult male mean
- — Length nose to tail · adult mean
- — Largest female · snout to vent
- — Largest male · snout to vent
- — Largest female · shell length
- — Largest male · shell length
- — Hatchling length · snout to vent
- — Largest juvenile · snout to vent
- — Largest juvenile · shell length
- — Body mass · a typical adult
- — Body mass · adult female, mean
- — Body mass at hatching
- — Preferred body temperature · chosen in a laboratory gradient
- — Body temperature when active · measured in the wild
- — Eats arthropods
- — Eats vertebrates
- — Eats plant matter
- — How the young develop
- — Gestation or incubation
- — Mean clutch · smallest reported
- — Mean clutch · largest reported
- — Clutches in a year
- — Hatchling length · smallest recorded
- — Hatchling length · largest recorded
- — Age at first breeding · female
- — Mature from · youngest recorded
- — Mature by · oldest recorded
- — Size at maturity · smallest recorded
- — Size at maturity · largest recorded
- — Body temp in the wild · lowest mean recorded
- — Body temp in the wild · highest mean recorded
- — Pattern on the back
- — Sex decided by
- — Population trend
- — Red List criteria
- — Active season · shortest recorded
- — Active season · longest recorded
- — Density · lowest recorded
- — Density · highest recorded
- — Home range · largest recorded
- — Active in
- — Lowest it lives · above sea level
Others in Colubridae
Take this data
Everything on this page is available as data under CC BY 4.0 — use it freely, credit it, no permission needed.
This species as JSON · the whole dataset
Cite this page
The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia (2026). Elaphe bimaculata. Retrieved 2026-09-08, from https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/elaphe-bimaculata
@misc{elaphe_bimaculata_2026,
title = {Elaphe bimaculata},
author = {{The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia}},
year = {2026},
url = {https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/elaphe-bimaculata}
}Sources
- Meiri, S. (2024). SquamBase — a database of squamate (Reptilia: Squamata) traits. Global Ecology and Biogeography. Public domain (CC0).
- Oskyrko, O. et al. (2024). ReptTraits: a comprehensive dataset of ecological traits in reptiles. Scientific Data. Used under CC BY 4.0.
- Catalogue of Life (dataset 3LR), used under CC BY.