Reptilia · Squamata
Anniella pulchraGray, 1852
California Legless Lizard
Photograph by Henrik Kibak, CC BY, via iNaturalist
An active by day or night, meat-eating lizard from the Nearctic region, reaching 180 mm snout to vent.
Once published as Anniella nigra — those names reach this page.
Reptilia › Squamata › Anguidae › Anniella
- Grows to
- 180mm
- greatest recorded
- Eats
- Carnivorous
- Active
- Cathemeral
- Lives up to
- 11.8years
Longer than 76% of all species in Anguidae anyone has measured.
The bar is the rank itself: its length is the share of the family this animal exceeds. The chart below is the family’s real spread, on a logarithmic scale because body length here runs from 72 to 610 mm. The solid rule is this animal. Every bar is a count of real species, and nothing on this figure is estimated.
What is known
44 sourced facts, each taken from a named scientific dataset. How to read these.
Cited from a dataset unless a row is marked otherwise.
Standing in the world
- Still living
- Extant
- Conservation status
- Least Concern
- Status assessed · the year the Red List last looked
- 2016
- Population trend
- Decreasing
The animal itself
- Limbs
- None
- Venomous
- No
- Fangs
- None
- Longest recorded life
- 11.8years
- Preferred body temperature · chosen in a laboratory gradientmeasured
- 20–24.9°C68–77 °F
- Body temperature when active · measured in the wild
- 21.8°C71 °F
- Body temp in the wild · mean, when active
- 20–23.6°C68–74 °F
Slavens and Slavens 1999
mean body temperature of active individuals in nature
body temperature of active animals in nature
Size
- Length snout to vent · greatest recorded
- 180mm7 in
- Length snout to vent · adult female mean
- 143.8mm5.75 in
- Largest female · snout to vent
- 143.8mm5.75 in
- Hatchling length · snout to vent
- 49mm2 in
- Largest juvenile · snout to vent
- 56mm2.25 in
- Body mass · greatestcomputed
- 9.55g0.34 oz
- Body mass at hatchingmeasured
- 0.59g0.02 oz
max 180 mm SVL (Feldman et al. 2016)
snout-vent length; the source column mixes this with straight carapace length
computed from length by a family-level allometric equation, not weighed
How it lives
- Diet
- Carnivorous
- How it hunts
- Active foraging
- Active
- Cathemeral
- Where it lives
- Fossorial, terrestrial
- Habitat
- Forest, Shrubland
- Biome
- Mediterranean
- Active season · months of the year
- 12months
- Region
- Nearctic
- Mainland or island
- Mainland
- Highest it lives · above sea level
- 2050m
- Range size
- 135,562km²
- Density · highest recorded
- 2282per hectare
Arthropods (e.g., Stebbins and McGinnis 2018, mostly termites, Pianka and Vitt 2003), insects (Grismer and Grismer 2022)
Mesquita et al. 2016
Cathemeral / crepuscular (Jones and Lovich 2009,Lemm 2006, Rodda 2020) / Diurnal and crepuscular (Stebbins and McGinnis 2012)/forages by day, may emerge at dusk or at night (Stebbins and McGinnis 2018)
Fossorial/Sand swimming and Leaf Litter/fossorial and leaf litter (Stebbins and McGinnis 2018)
0-1550 (Stebbins and McGinnis 2018)
Breeding
- Reproduction
- Viviparous
- Average clutch
- 1.65eggs
- Eggs or young per clutch
- 1–4eggs
- Mean clutch
- 1.3–2eggs
- Clutches in a year
- 0.75per year
- Clutches a year
- 0.5–1per year
- First breeds at
- 24–36months
1-4 (Stebbins and McGinnis 2012, Lemm 2006, Zaldivar Riveron et al. 2002, Stebbins and McGinnis 2018), means 1.3-1.75 (Mesquita et al. 2016), up to 4 (Grismer and Grismer 2022)
Naming and history
- Suborder
- Sauria
- Infraorder
- Anguimoprha
- Subspecies
- No
- Described by
- Gray
- Moved to another genus · since it was first described
- No
- Described in
- 1852
- Type locality
- USA
Keeping one
2 ft 4 in × 2 ft 4 in × 17.5 in(72 × 72 × 45 cm)
Minimum length × width × height, for one animal. Bigger is always better. Substrate at least 3.5 in (9 cm) deep.
The standard sizes ground-dwelling species at 4 × 4 × 2.5 times snout-vent length.
Burrows, so substrate deep enough to dig in matters as much as floor area.
Mindestanforderungen an die Haltung von Reptilien (Sachverständigengutachten), German Federal Ministry for Nutrition, Agriculture and Forestry, Animal Welfare Division, 10 January 1997. The standard states these floor areas are recommendations rather than binding limits.
From this animal’s own snout-vent length of 7 in (180 mm), at 4 × 4 × 2.5 times it, following the German federal welfare standard — how this is worked out.
In a laboratory thermal gradient this species settled at 68–77 °F (20–24.9 °C).
Preferred body temperature, recorded in a laboratory gradient where the animal could choose freely. A measurement of the animal, not a setting for a thermostat.
Feeding
A prey item should be no wider than the space between the animal's eyes.
Widely used across reptile husbandry references. The stated reason is that the gap approximates the width of the throat, so wider prey is associated with impaction. This is established practice, not a measurement.
1kJ per day
Worked out for an animal of 10 g, the heaviest recorded for California Legless Lizard — so it is the top of the range, not a figure for a particular animal. Weigh yours and the number will be lower.
An upper estimate, not a feeding target, and not veterinary advice. The equation covers only what an animal burns staying alive, so a growing, gravid or recovering animal needs more — and it was measured on wild animals, which move far more than one in an enclosure. Body condition and a vet who knows the species are what a feeding decision should rest on. Where this comes from.
What nobody knows
These are not gaps in our research. No scientific dataset records them for this species — and saying so is information you cannot get from a reference that simply leaves a field out.
- — Length snout to vent · adult male mean
- — Length snout to vent · adult mean
- — Length nose to tail · greatest recorded
- — Female length · mean, nose to tail
- — Length nose to tail · adult male mean
- — Length nose to tail · adult mean
- — Largest male · snout to vent
- — Largest female · shell length
- — Largest male · shell length
- — Hatchling length · nose to tail
- — Largest juvenile · shell length
- — Egg length
- — Egg width
- — Body mass · a typical adult
- — Body mass · adult female, mean
- — Eats arthropods
- — Eats vertebrates
- — Eats plant matter
- — How the young develop
- — Gestation or incubation
- — Hatchling length · smallest recorded
- — Hatchling length · largest recorded
- — Age at first breeding · female
- — Mature from · youngest recorded
- — Mature by · oldest recorded
- — Size at maturity · smallest recorded
- — Size at maturity · largest recorded
- — Colour on the back
- — Pattern on the back
- — Pupil
- — Sex decided by
- — Red List criteria
- — Density · lowest recorded
- — Home range · largest recorded
- — Active in
- — Lowest it lives · above sea level
Others in Anguidae
- Anzuetoi Arboreal Alligator Lizard
- Argueta Arboreal Alligator Lizard
- Asian Glass Lizard
- Baja California Legless Lizard
- Bakersfield Legless Lizard
- Banded Arboreal Alligator Lizard
- Bogert's Arboreal Alligator Lizard
- Brilliant Arboreal Alligator Lizard
- Buettikofer's Glass Lizard
- Campbell's Alligator Lizard
- Cedros Island Alligator Lizard
- Central Peninsular Alligator Lizard
Take this data
Everything on this page is available as data under CC BY 4.0 — use it freely, credit it, no permission needed.
This species as JSON · the whole dataset
Cite this page
The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia (2026). Anniella pulchra. Retrieved 2026-09-08, from https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/anniella-pulchra
@misc{anniella_pulchra_2026,
title = {Anniella pulchra},
author = {{The Reptile & Amphibian Encyclopedia}},
year = {2026},
url = {https://www.allanglescreatures.com/species/anniella-pulchra}
}Sources
- Meiri, S. (2024). SquamBase — a database of squamate (Reptilia: Squamata) traits. Global Ecology and Biogeography. Public domain (CC0).
- Oskyrko, O. et al. (2024). ReptTraits: a comprehensive dataset of ecological traits in reptiles. Scientific Data. Used under CC BY 4.0.
- Catalogue of Life (dataset 3LR), used under CC BY.